Approximately two thirds of these ddr interventions were launched in africa, with the remainder in latin america and the caribbean, south eastern europe, central and south asia and the south pacific. This report focuses on the role of natural resources in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr programmes and illustrates how the management of natural resources can be used to promote more effective and sustainable reintegration. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration wikipedia. The disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr of former fighters is a wellestablished feature of the peace and security architecture. Since ddr ultimately merges with reconstruction and development, and takes. The first phase is disarmament, when soldiers voluntarily hand in their weapons. The note presents research findings on fundamental issues effects of ddr, the interaction between ddr programmes and postwar politics, organisational issues sequencing, pro. The operational guide was produced by the interagency working group on ddr iawg ddr. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration clingendael. It aims to deal with the postconflict security problem that arises when excombatants.
Meanwhile, it remains unclear as to what extent insights derived from case. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr is a process that contributes to security and stability by disarming combatants, removing them from military structures, and socially and economically integrating them into society. Through a process of removing weapons from the hands of members of armed groups, taking these combatants out of their groups and helping them to reintegrate as civilians into society, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration seeks to support excombatants and those associated with armed groups, so that they can become active participants in the peace process. The interagency working group iawg on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of excombatants held a workshop in stockholm, from 17 to 19 october 2017 on the revision of the integrated ddr standards iddrs. The coevolution of concepts, practices, and understanding. In haiti, where there has been prolonged political turmoil, no less than six different united nations missions were deployed to the country between 1993 and 2001, each generally considered a. Pdf the process of disarming, demobilizing and reintegrating exsoldiers at conflicts end is as old as war itself. It explains the link between ddr in africa and the evolution of post.
Each iddrs module is current with effect from the date shown on the cover page. Audu centre for the study of leadership and complex military operations, nigerian defence academy, kaduna, nigeria dept. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr in africa. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration and postconflict peacebuilding in africa. A framework for lasting disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of former combatants in crisis situations.
Since 1989, international efforts to end protracted conflicts have included sustained investments in the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr of. In this context the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of excombatants is. United nations department of peacekeeping operations office of rule of law and security institutions disarmament, demobilization and reintegration section. Genderaware disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Rethinking disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Oct 14, 2015 the disarmament under the leadership of the national committee for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ncddr started immediately after the arrival of 6,000 unamsil soldiers. One of such instruments is the concept of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of excombatants, a process that contributes to security and stability in a postconflict recovery context by removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the. A practical overview peace operations training institute x.
Today, gtz profits from a wide range of experience in the implementation of ddr projects in various countries such as cambodia, eritrea, ethiopia, mozambique, rwanda, sierra leone, somaliland and uganda. Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammu. Security council has requested these operations to implement. Ddr programs downsize armed forces, or disband them completely. An overview article pdf available in african security 11. Pdf this article draws on the experience of disarmament, demobilization and. The long term success for ddr is highly dependent on development and the existence of economic.
Ddr disarmament, demobilization and reintegration broadly refers to the process by which combatants become civilians and military assets are transformed to benefit civilian economy, society and infrastructure. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of ex. For the full text of precious resources, please visit. The african union commission through the peace and security department psd has initiated a disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration capacity programme ddrcp. Next, there is demobilization, when they are formally discharged from the military and receive a package of support. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr is a critical element of post conflict peace building pcpb. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration compendium of projects 20102017 xi definitions1 armed forces the military organization of a state with a legal basis and supporting institutional infrastructure. Dozens of ddr activities have taken place since the 1990s. Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammu nition, explosives. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration english abstract. However, the project was interrupted from time to time, and the baseline study reveals that even if the security situation improved in the last 8 months, it is still very fragile and there is little information shared with the population around ddrr disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and repatriation.
Postconflict disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr of former combatants in angola, mozambique, namibia, south africa, and zimbabwe aimed at addressing problems of postconflict peace building. The end of the cold war was a contributing factor to the end of many intrastate conflicts in latin. So far more than 51,000 persons from illegal armed groups have demobilized, albeit while not yet having. Despite the logistical challenges of disarmament and demobilization, reintegrationthe acquisition of civilian status and sustainable employment and incomeis considered the most difficult phase of any ddr process. Oxfam internationals position on ddr ddr involves the disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration of excombatants into civilian life at the end of a conflict. South sudan disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration standards. The role of natural resources in disarmament, demobilization.
Agreement on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, juba, sudan. The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants in colombia1 kimberly theidon abstract a key component of peace processes and postconflict reconstruction is the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of excombatants. The process of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr of former combatants features in most of africas postconflict reconstruction programs. Second generation disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr practices in peace operations. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr are activities designed to facilitate disbanding military fighters and easing their. Assisting former combatants to reintegrate into civilian life. United nations development programme undp final evaluation of. The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of combatants ex often presents itself as one of the most crucial activities in a postconflict peacebuilding context, with important effects upon the wider transitional process from war to peace and development. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr 2010 a retrospective look at this crucial peacekeeping issue. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs. Nov 21, 2017 the interagency working group iawg on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of excombatants held a workshop in stockholm, from 17 to 19 october 2017 on the revision of the integrated ddr standards iddrs. Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration ddr dcaf.
Reintegration is the final phase, when former soldiers are given the tools and knowledge to get a job or start a small business. Pdf disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration. Cantonment, disarmament and demobilization efforts were undertaken. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration is the process of. All partners have adopted this manual as a training tool and guideline. Nextgeneration disarmament, demobilization and reintegration robert muggah tuesday, june 17, 2014 the notion of disarming, then disbanding and rehabilitating former soldiers in the aftermath of. Next generation disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Postconflict disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration. Practical experience of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr programs shows that the ddr process mostly fails during the reintegration phase. Ddr programmes often combine peacekeeping, postconflict peacebuilding. Te politics of disarmament and rearmament in afganistan summary four internationally funded disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr programs initiated after 2003two targeting governmentaligned militias and two targeting insurgentshave failed to make afghanistan more secure. When do disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration programmes succeed. Successful disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. African union disarmament, demobilization and reintegration.
A contribution to the challenges and opportunities asdf. Successful disarmament, demobilization and reintegration for. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr pro grams have developed as a response by the international community to the per ceived risk of a return to violence if former combatants are not rehabilitated and. Differences among designs and designers of these subregional postconflict cases are well known. Chapter 3 challenges facing the international community. Disarmament demobilization and reintegration ddr programs constitute a process with the specific objective of facilitating the transition of combatants into civilian life. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration and postconflict.
By employing qualitative semistructured interviews and group discussions with. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr. Project title african union disarmament, demobilization and reintegration capacity program au ddrcp organisation african union commission partners au member states, region economic communities recs and regional mechanisms for conflict prevention, management and resolution rms, united nations, world bank. A framework for lasting disarmament, demobilization, and. Armed groups a group that has the potential to employ arms in the use of force to achieve political, ideological or economic objectives, is not within the formal military. Conflict, peacebuilding, disarmament, security f gender perspectives on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr how and why are gender perspectives relevant to ddr of former combatants.
How disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programs. The disarmament and demobilisation of armed units and their combatants is a central. The disarmament under the leadership of the national committee for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ncddr started immediately after the arrival of 6,000 unamsil soldiers. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration united.
These countries used the fledgling concept of disarmament, demobilization. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple faq for additional information. Individual reintegration project component 2009 2012 ghebremedhin haile. The cartagena contribution to disarmament, demobilization and. A new era of peacekeeping missions was introduced together with the many new challenges that followed see the appendix for a. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration in aceh. Demobilization and reintegration macartan humphreys. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of excombatants practice note. When do disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration. At the same time, reintegration has often failed for a.
The operational guide to the integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration standards iddrsis intended to help users find their way through the iddrs document by briefly explaining the key guidance contained in each iddrs document module. United nations disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr sections 1 across the world are increasingly required to operate in complex environments, characterized by political. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration the institute. Such an analysis in the area of disarmament could reveal, for. Pdf disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration and post. Pdf this article introduces the special issue on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr and armed nonstatutory actors ansas, whose.
Disarmament entails the physical removal of the means of combat from exbelligerents. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration in afghanistan. In hindsight we know that, at the time of untac intervention, the war was far from over despite the ceasefire and the peace agreement, suggesting that the ddr program was bound to fail. In this context the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of ex combatants is. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of excombatants practice note united nations development programme. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr in. The information and sensitization unit, joint implementation unit of the liberia ddrr programme, undp.
Fresh insights on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. The lessons learned unit of the department of peacekeeping operations conducted its study of united nations experiences in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration in a peacekeeping environment with the aim of providing a coherent framework of. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr programs. Generally, ddr processes occur at the end of an armed conflict when the government forces need to be downsized to peacetime levels and armed groups, with whom the government has signed. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration english the. Reintegration itself has two phasesinitial reinsertion and longterm reintegration. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr in the. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr in north. An institute for security studies iss paper calls it the achilles heel of ddr pdf. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr united. For decades, national and international actors have used programs for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr of combatants as standardized key elements of peace operations, with the aim of controlling violence and avoiding the resurgence of armed conflict. Nextgeneration disarmament, demobilization and reintegration.
The cartagena contribution to disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Programs for the disarmament, demobilization,and reintegration ddr of excombatants have become more common as an element in the peacebuilders toolkit. Reinsertion refers to the shortterm arrival period of an excombatant into hisher former home or a new community. The peace agreement leadingup from ceasefire agreement after the end of conflict situations is not sufficient enough to prevent the.
It is clear that ddr has become part and parcel of peace processes and peacekeeping operations. How do we approach disarmament, demobilization and. Operational guide to the integrated disarmament, demobilization. Oi policy compendium note on disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration ddr 1 overview. Gender mainstreaming burundi example of gender in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration gender analysis can reveal differences between women and men and even more important often also significant inequalities. Oi policy compendium note on disarmament, demobilisation.
In colombia, we opted for confronting violence without violating the principles of democracy in a way which has yielded important results. The purpose of the ddrcp is to create and strengthen capacities within the au, its member states and regional partners, namely the regional economic communities recs and regional mechanisms rms, to support. The agreement on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration in aceh acronyms bds business development services caff children associated with fighting forces cbo communitybased organisation ddr disarmament demobilization reintegration idp internally displaced persons iddrs integrated ddr standards iawgddr interagency working group on ddr. Pdf disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration and. Rethinking disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programs. This article draws on the experience of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr programs on the african continent. Drp programs should combine educational programs with access to credit projects adapted. Innovations in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration policy and research 3 that unify what are otherwise disparate ddr experiences.
Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programme. South sudan disarmament, demobilization and reintegration commission ssddrc and. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration in afghanistan 12204 security sector reform in afghanistan covers several areas including creating the army, police and judiciary. Launched in october 2016, the iddrs provide guidance for ddr activities in the field. Some of the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration functions that the. Strategies are therefore sensitive to local dynamics and may combine a variety of. Fao, in collaboration with the north sudan disarmament, demobilization and reintegration commission nsddrc and the united nations development programme undp is providing training and agricultural inputs to assist them to engage in crop production, livestockpoultry rearing and fisheries. I have just modified one external link on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Reintegration is a much longerterm process with the goal of ensuring permanent disarmament and sustainable peace. It is a vital part of the transition from war to peace. Best practices for successful disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration this paper identifies and discusses best practices for successful disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr of former combatants in intrastate military conflicts and civil wars, which is a vital component of achieving peace among warring factions. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration ddr processes are designed to assist excombatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to make the transition from conflict to civilian life, and contribute to the restoration of peace and security. Disarmament demobilisation and reintegration reliefweb.
Pdf programs for the disarmament, demobilization, and. Gender and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. The purpose of the ddrcp is to create and strengthen capacities within the au, its member states and regional partners, namely the regional economic communities recs and regional mechanisms rms, to support national. In this context the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of excombatants is an important field of activity for gtz. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, and gender. Research on the subject matter is thriving, and is rich with valuable insights and anecdotes.
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